• Question: What is bruxism and why do we grind our teeth at night?

  - Bruxism is the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth. Its causes are multiple: an incorrect bite (malocclusion), high levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) affecting the muscles, continuous physical or psychological stress, poor body posture, or an imbalance in the masticatory system.

• Question: What are the symptoms of bruxism in adults and children?

  - In adults, the most common signs include: worn or chipped teeth, jaw pain upon waking, increased tooth sensitivity, restless sleep, and in some cases, enlargement of the facial muscles (resulting in a “square-shaped” face).

  - In children, bruxism may manifest as: behavioral restlessness, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and reduced attention span.

• Question: Why does the jaw click when chewing or opening the mouth?

  - These sounds occur when the articular disc inside the temporomandibular joint is not properly positioned and “slips” out of place during movement.

• Question: Are sounds from the temporomandibular joint dangerous?

  - Although they may initially be just annoying, over time these sounds can indicate joint wear. If left untreated, they may lead to acute pain, limited mouth opening, or jaw locking.

• Question: What treatments are available for TMJ dysfunctions?

  - Treatment ranges from wearing repositioning splints and physiotherapy to occlusal (bite) adjustment, aimed at relieving pressure on the joint.

• Question: Can jaw problems cause difficulty swallowing?

  - Yes. The jaw, tongue, and neck muscles work together. An incorrect jaw position can force the tongue into an atypical posture, making the natural swallowing process (deglutition) more difficult and potentially altering the relationship between cranio-mandibular and cranio-cervical structures.

• Question: What role does a correct bite play in swallowing?

  - A correct bite provides stable support for the neck and tongue muscles to efficiently propel food. Without this stable point of support, the process becomes strained.

• Question: When is a dental consultation necessary for this symptom?

  - If you notice that swallowing requires effort, if you need water to “assist” the act of swallowing, or if you feel tension in your neck after meals, it is time for an evaluation of your bite.

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• Question: What symptoms may indicate a neuromuscular imbalance?

  - Headaches, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), neck or shoulder pain, worn teeth, and facial muscle fatigue are clear signs of an imbalance.